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- THE BIBLE IN ESPERANTO
-
- 1. About Esperanto
-
- Esperanto is the one consciously created language that has an
- actual speaking community, albeit a considerably diasporic one.
- It is used, perhaps, by about a million people around the world.
-
- Esperanto came into existence in 1887, when Lazar Zamenhof, an
- ophthalmologist in Warsaw, published the first short grammar.
- The name Esperanto is derived from his pseudonym, meaning "one
- who hopes". Zamenhof hoped that a common language would decrease
- the interethnic strife in his own and other nations. In his
- lifetime German, Yiddish and Russian were all spoken alongside
- Polish in various walks of Polish life, and this linguistic
- diversity reflected and exacerbated uneasy interethnic relations.
-
- The grammar of Esperanto is extremely regular. There is, for
- instance, one set of endings for all verbs, without exception.
- All words are spelled as they are pronounced, and vice versa.
- The vocabulary is based on languages which were and are the most
- widely learned (as native or foreign languages) throughout the
- world, from the Romance and Germanic branches of the Indo-
- European family. The vocabulary is particularly easy for users
- of French and German to pick up, but it's also familiar to users
- of English, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, the
- Scandinavian languages, and various others.
-
- 2. Translations into Esperanto
-
- From the start, the Esperantists did a great deal of translation
- into Esperanto, sensing that this would ensure that Esperanto
- became a fully functional language rather than a sort of code.
- Zamenhof himself was a polyglot, and among his own translations
- were Andersen's fairy tales, Shakespeare's Hamlet, and various
- works of Schiller, Heine, Shalom Aleichem, Dickens, Gogol,
- Goethe, and Molière.
-
- Finally, he translated the Bible, or that portion known to
- Christians as the Old Testament. Himself of Jewish heritage, he
- was able to translate from the original Hebrew. Several books of
- the Bible first appeared from the French publisher Hachette. The
- entire collection appeared in 1926, in a form revised by a Bible
- Committee composed of Protestant Christians and published with
- that Committee's own translation of the New Testament in one
- volume by the British and Foreign Bible Society.
-
- 3. Esperanto and WordPerfect
-
- The file found herewith is a simple transcription from this Bible
- in WordPerfect 5.1 format. It uses six characters (or twelve,
- counting lowercase and capitals separately) peculiar to
- Esperanto. These can be viewed in WordPerfect 5.0 or 5.1 on any
- EGA or better monitor when the 512-character mode is selected.
- To select this mode:
-
- Shft-F1 Setup
- 2 or d Display
- 1 or c Colors/Fonts/Attributes
- 5 512 Characters, 8 Foreground Colors
- F7 Exit
-
- A similar procedure is available with WordPerfect 5.0, into which
- the texts can also be retrieved. Because of Esperanto's special
- characters, which are not part of the basic or extended ASCII
- set, the texts are not compatible with WordPerfect 4.2 or earlier
- releases, nor can they be routinely converted to ASCII text.
-
- The 512-character mode limits your color selection, but allows
- you to see not only Esperanto but a wide range of foreign
- characters included in WordPerfect's "multinational" Character
- Set 1.
-
- The capital circumflexed C is 100 in this set, so that it can be
- selected by Ctrl-v (Compose), 1,100 (Enter). The lowercase
- circumflexed c is 101. The others are circumflexed G (122), g
- (123), H (126), h (127), J (140), j (141), S (180), and s (181),
- and a breved U (188) and u (189).
-
- One who uses Esperanto regularly will want to map these
- characters to a keyboard so that the circumflexed letters can be
- called up by Ctrl- and Alt-letter combinations. For instance, a
- Ctrl-letter combination might be used for capitals and an Alt-
- letter combination for lowercase letters. To map characters:
- Shft-F1 Setup, 5 or k Keyboard Layout, and then, having chosen an
- existing keyboard layout or created a new one (4 or c, Create),
- with the cursor on that keyboard, choose 8 or m Map. To map the
- lowercase circumflexed c to the combination Alt-c, for instance,
- move the cursor under the letter c on the top keyboard section
- (the Alt keys), choose 5 or c Compose, and enter 1,101. You may
- name this "c kun cirkumflekso". You may wish to compare this
- with creating an Alt-c macro for the same purpose; you will find
- that mapping the character results in smoother typing.
-
- If you do not have an EGA or VGA monitor, you may want to convert
- the WordPerfect characters to a font attribute such as Outline or
- Shadow which results in a display of those characters
- distinguished by color. If you do this by a search-and-replace
- routine, be sure to select the capitals first, since selecting
- lowercase first will result in lowercase letters being
- substituted for capitals as well.
-
- Note that the documents are formatted for the "Standard Printer"
- (STANDARD.PRS). If you wish to print them, be sure to select
- your own printer first.
-
- 4. Sources on Esperanto
-
- Further information on Esperanto is available from:
-
- Esperanto League for North America, Inc.
- P.O. Box 1129
- El Cerrito CA 94530
-
- and:
-
- Universala Esperanto-Asocio
- Nieuwe Binnenweg 176
- NL-3015 BJ Rotterdam
- Netherlands
-
- Both these organizations have extensive book services, which can
- provide not only the hardcopy of the entire Bible, but hundreds
- of other literary works, original and translated, as well as
- textbooks, dictionaries, and other publications in and about
- Esperanto.
-
- This file was provided by Charles R.L. Power, who has worked
- professionally for both organizations, and who has done a bit of
- translation of his own into Esperanto with short works of Mark
- Twain, Ambrose Bierce, Joel Chandler Harris, Kate Chopin, Robert
- Silverberg, Harlan Ellison, John Varley, R.A. Lafferty, and
- others. He is married to Daniela Deneva Power, whom he met in
- her native Bulgaria, and who has written a popularization of
- seismology in Esperanto.